German Präteritum of Haben and Sein: A Complete Guide with Examples and Exercises

The Präteritum (simple past tense) in German is used to talk about past events, often in written or formal contexts. The verbs haben (to have) and sein (to be) are two of the most important irregular verbs, and their Präteritum forms are essential for everyday communication. This guide covers the Präteritum conjugation of haben and sein, provides plenty of example sentences, and includes exercises with multiple-choice options for practice. It’s detailed, clear, and designed to help you master these forms. Let’s get into it!

What is the Präteritum?

The Präteritum is a past tense used for narration, storytelling, or describing completed actions—think of it like "I had" or "I was" in English. Haben and sein are irregular, meaning their Präteritum forms don’t follow the standard -te ending of regular verbs (e.g., spielte from spielen). Instead, they change their stems.

Präteritum of Haben (to have)

Conjugation

Subject Präteritum Form Meaning
ichhatteI had
duhattestyou had (informal)
er/sie/eshattehe/she/it had
wirhattenwe had
ihrhattetyou all had (informal)
sie/Siehattenthey/you had (formal)

Rules

  • Stem: hat- (from present hab- changes to hat-).
  • Endings: -te (ich, er/sie/es), -test (du), -ten (wir, sie/Sie), -tet (ihr).
  • No umlauts or extra letters—just a simple vowel shift.

Example Sentences

  • Ich hatte gestern ein Buch. (I had a book yesterday.)
  • Du hattest keine Zeit. (You had no time.)
  • Er hatte einen Hund. (He had a dog.)
  • Sie hatte Hunger. (She had hunger.)
  • Es hatte keinen Sinn. (It had no sense.)
  • Wir hatten viel Spaß. (We had a lot of fun.)
  • Ihr hattet ein Auto. (You all had a car.)
  • Sie hatten Gäste. (They had guests.)
  • Hattest du Geld? (Did you have money?)
  • Ich hatte einen Plan. (I had a plan.)

Präteritum of Sein (to be)

Conjugation

Subject Präteritum Form Meaning
ichwarI was
duwarstyou were (informal)
er/sie/eswarhe/she/it was
wirwarenwe were
ihrwartyou all were (informal)
sie/Siewarenthey/you were (formal)

Rules

  • Stem: war- (completely irregular, no connection to present bin/ist).
  • Endings: None for ich, er/sie/es; -st (du), -en (wir, sie/Sie), -t (ihr).
  • Fully irregular—no pattern from present tense.

Example Sentences

  • Ich war gestern müde. (I was tired yesterday.)
  • Du warst im Park. (You were in the park.)
  • Er war sehr nett. (He was very nice.)
  • Sie war zu Hause. (She was at home.)
  • Es war kalt. (It was cold.)
  • Wir waren in der Schule. (We were in school.)
  • Ihr wart laut. (You all were loud.)
  • Sie waren hier. (They were here.)
  • Warst du krank? (Were you sick?)
  • Ich war glücklich. (I was happy.)

Key Notes

Usage

  • Haben: Describes possession or states in the past. Ich hatte einen Apfel. (I had an apple.)
  • Sein: Describes location, condition, or existence in the past. Wir waren im Kino. (We were at the cinema.)
  • Präteritum is common in writing (books, stories) or formal speech. In casual talk, Germans often use Perfekt (e.g., ich habe gehabt, ich bin gewesen), but Präteritum is still key to learn.

Sentence Structure

  • Verb is second in statements: Ich hatte ein Buch.
  • Verb is first in questions: Hattest du Zeit?
  • Negation (nicht) goes after the verb: Ich hatte nicht viel Zeit. (I didn’t have much time.)

Exercises with Multiple-Choice Options

Exercise 1: Fill in the Präteritum of Haben

Choose the correct form from the options.

  1. Ich ___ gestern ein Geschenk.
  2. Du ___ keinen Stift.
  3. Wir ___ eine Party.
  4. Er ___ Hunger.
  5. Ihr ___ viel Arbeit.

Exercise 2: Fill in the Präteritum of Sein

Choose the correct form from the options.

  1. Ich ___ gestern krank.
  2. Du ___ im Garten.
  3. Sie ___ sehr müde.
  4. Es ___ heiß.
  5. Ihr ___ nicht hier.

Exercise 3: Mixed Haben and Sein

Choose the correct Präteritum form (haben or sein).

  1. Wir ___ gestern im Park.
  2. Ich ___ ein Problem.
  3. Du ___ sehr nett.
  4. Sie ___ keine Zeit.
  5. Er ___ gestern hier.

Exercise 4: Translate and Choose

Translate the sentence, then pick the right Präteritum form.

  1. I had a cat. – Translation: Ich ___ eine Katze.
  2. You were loud. – Translation: Du ___ laut.
  3. We had fun. – Translation: Wir ___ Spaß.
  4. She was at home. – Translation: Sie ___ zu Hause.
  5. You all had a book. – Translation: Ihr ___ ein Buch.

Exercise 5: Creative Story with Options

Fill in the blanks with the correct Präteritum form to complete the story.

Gestern ___ (1) ich sehr müde. Ich ___ (2) keine Energie. Mein Freund ___ (3) bei mir. Wir ___ (4) einen Film. Es ___ (5) ein guter Tag.

Tips to Master Präteritum of Haben and Sein

  • Memorize Forms: Repeat hatte, hattest, hatte, hatten, hattet, hatten and war, warst, war, waren, wart, waren daily.
  • Use in Stories: Write a 5-sentence past story—Ich war im Park. Ich hatte ein Buch…
  • Question Practice: Ask Warst du? Hattest du? and answer—Ja, ich war…
  • Listen: Watch German shows, catch war or hatte in dialogue.
  • Flashcards: Write forms on cards, flip, and recall.

Resources for Extra Practice

YouTube – Easy German

Hear Präteritum in use.

Visit Easy German

Schubert Verlag

Free exercises.

Visit Schubert Verlag

Goethe Institute

Grammar drills.

Visit Goethe Grammar

You’re Ready!

This guide gives you the full Präteritum of haben and sein, with examples and exercises to test your skills. Work through the multiple-choice tasks, check your answers, and you’ll get these forms down fast! Next, you could try Präteritum with regular verbs or mix it with modals—up to you!

See Also

Next: Trennvbare Verbs →